3'S dos megaeventos esportivos - soft power, sportswashing, sports diplomacy: as Copas do Mundo dos BRICS e Catar / 3'S of sporting mega-events - soft power, sportswashing, sports diplomacy: the BRICS and Qatar World Cups / Los 3 de los megaeventos deportivos - soft power, sportswashing, sports diplomacy: las Copas Mundiales de los BRICS y Qatar

Neste artigo busca-se analisar a forma como os países dos BRICS e Catar utilizaram os megaeventos esportivos como discurso de ampliação da sua influência política. Para isso o artigo discute (a) a esfera pública e suas interfaces no esporte; (b) as Copas de 2010 a 2022, como exemplos de Soft Power, Sportswashing e Sports Diplomacy. Como estrutura analítica faz-se uma interface entre os estudos que discutiram o papel da mídia ocidental durante os eventos e os 3'S da FIFA. O argumento central reside no protagonismo da FIFA durante o ciclo das Copas em países do sul global e a existência de um modus operandi FIFA nas últimas quatro Copas.

This article seeks to analyze how the BRICS countries and Qatar used sporting mega-events as a discourse to expand their political influence. For this, the article discusses (a) the public sphere and its interfaces in sport; (b) the 2010 to 2022 World Cups, as examples of Soft Power, Sportswashing and Sports Diplmacy. As an analytical structure, an interface will be made between the studies that discussed the role of the western media during the events and the 3'S of FIFA. The central argument resides in FIFA's role during the World Cup cycle in countries of the global south and the existence of a FIFA modus operandi in the last four World Cups.

Este artículo busca analizar cómo los países BRICS y Qatar utilizaron los megaeventos deportivos como discurso para expandir su influencia política. Para ello, el artículo discute (a) la esfera pública y sus interfaces en el deporte; (b) las Copas del Mundo de 2010 a 2022, como ejemplos de Soft Power, Sportswashing y Sports Diplmacy. Como estructura analítica, se realizará una interfaz entre los estudios que discutieron el papel de los medios occidentales durante los eventos y los 3'S de FIFA. El argumento central reside en el papel de la FIFA durante el ciclo mundialista en los países del sur global y la existencia de un modus operandi de la FIFA en las últimas cuatro Copas del Mundo.

Effect of temperature and chain length of added primary amines on the sphere to rod transition of aqueous ionic micelles

The importance of micelles as templates for nanomaterials is growing day by day. This resulted in an increasing interest for micelles in different sizes and shapes. Addition of n-amines to micellar solutions was found to bring change in the shape of the micelles from sphere to rod in aqueous ionic micellar solutions. The change in shape is qualitatively obtained from sudden change in the slope of pH versus amine concentration plots because the degree or protonation of n-alkylamines depends on the shape of micelles. In the present investigation, pH is measured at different temperatures to elucidate the influence of addition of n-amines on sphere-to-rod transition in aqueous micellar solutions. The surfactants employed in the present investigation are cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS).As the amine concentration is increased, the pH increases linearly at certain amine concentration and the slope of the resulting straight line changes on further addition of amine. It is noticed that increasing temperature requires more amine for structural transition of aqueous ionic micelles. It is also observed that the effectiveness of added amines leading to shape transition from sphere to rod is in the order of C8NH2>C7NH2> C6NH2.

Da reformulação discursiva a uma práxis da cultura científica: reflexões sobre a divulgação científica / From discursive reformulation to praxis of scientific culture: reflections on science communication

Resumo Abordam-se as principais interpretações usadas para compreender a divulgação científica como reformulação do discurso científico e como um gênero discursivo próprio. Ambas as interpretações são analisadas criticamente, uma vez que as características do discurso de divulgação científica não são equivalentes aos parâmetros para a tradução, nem compatíveis com os critérios para compreendê-lo como um gênero discursivo próprio. Por fim, ressalta-se que a divulgação científica deve ser compreendida como práxis objetivada por atividades desenvolvidas em meio a diversas esferas de criação ideológica.

Abstract This article addresses the main interpretations employed to understand science communication as a discursive reformulation of scientific discourse and as a genre of discourse of its own. Both these interpretations are analyzed critically, since the characteristics of the discourse of science communication are not equivalent to translation parameters nor compatible with criteria to understanding them as a component of their own discursive genre. Finally, it is emphasized that science communication should be understood as praxis objectified through activities developed amidst diverse spheres of ideological creation.

Preliminary Study on Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer by EGFR/Vimentin/Folic Acid Magnetic Sphere / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Circulating tumor cells (CTC) play an important role in the screening and prognosis of lung cancer, but the low efficiency and specificity of CTC isolation obviously restrict its clinical application. The purpose of this study is to explore a new and efficient isolation method of CTC in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in order to achieve the purpose of early diagnosis of NSCLC.@*METHODS@#Three kinds of immunolipid magnetic spheres of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vimentin and folic acid (FA) were prepared by thin film method. After characterization, the sorting scheme of cell line was explored, the optimal sorting scheme of NSCLC CTC was constructed, and its clinical application value was studied.@*RESULTS@#The average capture efficiency of EGFR, Vimentin and FA magnetic spheres used alone and in combination to lung cancer cell lines was 78%, 79%, 82% and 91%, respectively. In 60 patients with lung cancer, using 2 CTC per 7.5 mL blood as cutoff value, the positive rates of EGFR, Vimentin and FA magnets used alone and in combination were 65.0%, 33.3%, 93.3% and 100%, respectively. It was also found that the number of CTC detected by combined use of the three magnetic spheres was correlated with clinical stages (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of three kinds of magnetic spheres can separate EGFR+, Vimentin+, FA+ expressed CTC, which is beneficial to the downstream analysis of CTC correlation. This study provides a new method to improve the efficiency of NSCLC CTC capture, and verifies that the captured CTC counting method can be used in the auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer.

Semiosfera de la salud en parques: estudio de caso en Quito y Madrid / Health semiosphere in parks: case study in Quito and Madrid

Introduction: The parks importance as green environments for healthy recreation is not assumed in their real dimension given their health benefits, although the World Health Organization recommends the availability of a minimum of 9 m2 of green space per person. Various international organizations recognize that the park's main essential services for communities are economic value, health and environmental benefits. Objective: To determine the health semiosphere in emblematic parks of Quito and Madrid. Methods: A mixed investigation was carried out using semiotics as the main tool. For the information gathering, the citizen survey technique of Quito and Madrid was applied, as a basis for a comparative analysis that allowed measuring the perception modes. Results: Intrinsic health activities were determined as part of the park's semiosphere, both in Quito and Madrid. In the first city, recreation was recognized as the main one, and sports in the second city; as well as cultural and recreational activities such as the relevant ones to be enhanced. Conclusions: The park's main activities are intrinsically linked to citizen's health, so their semiosphere is based on their determination with the aim of repowering them(AU)

Introducción: La importancia de los parques como entornos verdes de sano esparcimiento no es asumida en su real dimensión dados sus beneficios a la salud, a pesar de que la Organización de la Salud recomienda la disponibilidad de un mínimo de 9 m2 de espacio verde por persona. Diversos organismos internacionales reconocen que los principales servicios esenciales de los parques para las comunidades son el valor económico, la salud y los beneficios ambientales. Objetivo: Determinar la semiósfera de la salud en parques emblemáticos de Quito y Madrid. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación mixta empleándose la semiótica como herramienta principal. Para el levantamiento de información se aplicó la técnica de encuesta a ciudadanos de Quito y Madrid, como base para un análisis comparativo que permitió medir los modos de percepción. Resultados: Se determinaron las actividades intrínsecas a la salud como parte de la semiósfera de los parques, tanto en Quito como en Madrid. En la primera ciudad se reconoció a la recreación como principal, y en la segunda al deporte; así como a las actividades culturales y recreacionales como las relevantes a ser repotenciadas. Conclusiones: Las actividades principales en los parques están intrínsecamente ligadas a la salud de sus ciudadanos, por lo que su semiósfera radica en la determinación de las mismas con el afán de repotenciarlas(AU)

Aplicación de un factor de corrección para el cálculo del lente intraocular en pacientes con cámara anterior / Application of a correction factor for intraocular lens power calculation in patients with a narrow anterior chamber and augmented crystalline lens thickness

Objetivo: evaluar la aplicación de un factor corrección en el cálculo del lente intraocular en pacientes con cámara anterior estrecha y grosor del cristalino aumentado. Métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental donde se aplicó un factor de corrección y se comparó con dos grupos de control. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino con el 71 por ciento de los casos. La edad fue de 70 años y más. El 48,4 por ciento de los pacientes presentó una esfera posoperatoria entre ± 0,50 dioptrías; el 19,4 por ciento estuvo por debajo de -0,50 dioptrías y el 32,3 por ciento de los pacientes por encima de + 0,50 dioptrías. El grupo 3 (grosor del cristalino mayor que 4,60 mm si factor de corrección) tuvo el mayor porcentaje de esfera posoperatoria ± 0,50 dioptrías (58,3 por ciento). El grupo 2 tuvo el mayor porcentaje de pacientes con esfera obtenida mayor de 0,50 dioptrías (38,2 por ciento). Conclusiones: los pacientes a quienes se les aplica el factor de corrección obtienen una esfera posoperatoria cercana a la emetropía a pesar de que la muestra no es homogénea y no se obtienen esferas por encima de 1 dioptría(AU)

Objective: Evaluate the application of a correction factor for intraocular lens power calculation in patients with a narrow anterior chamber and augmented crystalline lens thickness. Methods: An experimental study was conducted in which a correction factor was applied and compared with two control groups. Results: Female sex prevailed with 71 percent of the cases. Age was 70 years and over. 48.4 percent of the patients had a postoperative sphere between ± 0.50 diopters; 19.4 percent were below - 0.50 diopters and 32.3 percent were above + 0.50 diopters. Group 3 (crystalline lens thickness above 4.60 mm without correction factor) had the highest postoperative sphere percentage of ± 0.50 diopters (58.3 percent). Group 2 had the highest percentage of patients with an achieved sphere above 0.50 diopters (38.2 percent). Conclusions: Patients to whom the correction factor was applied achieved a postoperative sphere close to emmetropia, despite the fact that the sample was not homogeneous and spheres above 1 diopter were not obtained(AU)

Reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) en el lugar de trabajo. normativas de capacitación en medicina del trabajo / Cardiopulmonary resuscitation inthe workplaceTraining regulations in occupational medicine

Tanto en personas adultas como en jóvenes y niños, aprender primeros auxilios y reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) hace la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte en toda actividad humana. Se debe capacitar a cada trabajador en su lugar de labor. Puede suceder en escuelas, universidades, en la práctica deportiva, en la actividad aeroportuaria, en una aeronave, en la actividad de la seguridad privada, gimnasios, centros comerciales, oficinas, como en los templos, radios, estudios televisivos, recitales, aeropuertos, hoteles y en todo otro lugar donde se encuentren muchas personas circulando. También es muy útil saber qué hacer ante un problema de salud en el hogar. Se expone cómo realizar la capacitación en RCP y Primeros Auxilios en el trabajo.

Both in adults, as in young people and children, learning first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (RCP) makes the difference between life and death in all human activity. Each worker must be trained in their workplace. It can happen in schools, universities, in sports practice, in the airport activity, in an aircraft, in the activity of private security, gyms, shopping centers, offices, as in temples, radios, television studios, recitals, airports, hotels and everywhere else where there are many people circulating. It is also very useful to know what to do when faced with a health problem at home. It is exposed how to perform CPR and First Aid training at work.

Encapsulation of specific Salmonella Enteritidis phage f3αSE on alginate-spheres as a method for protection and dosification

Background: Bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative to control pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics. However, they are not extensively used due to different factors such as vulnerability under environmental conditions and the lack of efficient administration methods. A potential solution is the encapsulation of bacteriophages in hydrogel polymers to increase their viability and as a controlled release method. This work describes the use of alginate-Ca+2 matrixes as mechanisms for protection and dosification of the phage f3αSE which has been successfully used to prevent infections produced by Salmonella Enteritidis. Results: The viability of the pure phage is reduced in near 100% after 1-h incubation at pH 2 or 3. However, the encapsulated phage remains active in 80, 6% at pH 3, while no differences were observed at pH 2, 4 or 7. Exposition of f3αSE to different T° showed that the viability of this phage decreased with increased T° to near 15% at 60°C, while the encapsulated phage remains with 50% viability at same temperature. Finally, the encapsulation of phages showed to extend their presence for 100 h in the medium compared to non-encapsulated phages in a water flow system, which simulate automatic birdbath used in poultry industry, maintaining the phage concentration between 102 and 104 PFU/mL during 250 h. Conclusions: Encapsulation in alginate-Ca+2 spheres can be a good alternative to extend viability of phages and can be used as a phage method dosification method in water flow systems.

Quantification and construction of the effective point calculation model of ionization chamber in Monacao treatment planning system / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective Because of statistical noise in Monte Carlo dose calculations,the effective point doses may not be accurately calculated.A user-defined sphere volume was adopted to substitute the effective point to take sphere sampling around the effective point,which minimize the random errors and improve the accuracy of statistical dose.Methods Direct dose measurements were performed at 0°and 90° using a 0.125 cm3 Semiflex ionization chamber (IC) 31010 isocentrically placed in the center of a homogeneous Cylindric sliced RW3 phantom (PTW,Germany).In the scanned CT phantom series,the sensitive volume length of the IC (6.5 mm) was delineated and the isocenter was defined as the simulated effective point.All beams were simulated in the treatment planning system (TPS) in accordance to the measured model.The grid spacing was calculated by 2 mm voxels and the relative standard deviation should be ≤ 0.5％.The statistical and measured doses were statistically compared among three IC models with different electron densities (ED;esophageal lumen ED =0.210 g/cm3 for model A,air ED =0.001 g/cm3 for model B and the default CT scanned ED for model C) at different sampling sphere radius (2.5,2.0,1.5 and 1.0 mm) to evaluate the effect of Monte Carlo.calculation uncertainty upon the dose accuracy.Results In the Monaco TPS,the statistical value was in the highest accordance with the measured value with an absolute average deviation of 0.49％ when the IC was set as esophageal lumen ED =0.210 g/cm3 and the sampling sphere radius was 1.5 mm.When the IC was set as air ED=0.001 g/cm3 and default CT scanned ED,and,the recommended statistical sampling sphere radius was 2.5 mm,the absolute average deviations were 0.61％ and 0.70％.Conclusion In the Monaco TPS,the calculation model with an ED of 0.210 g/cm3 and a sampling radius of 1.5 mm is recommended for the ionization chamber 31010 to substitute the effective point dose measurement to decrease the random stochastic errors of Monte Carlo.

Fruit sphere microenvironments and berry phenolic content of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under rain-shelter systems with coloured plastic film

Abstract Rain-shelter cultivation has been proven an important cultivation method for grape-plantings in continental monsoon climate zones, of which white plastic films are the most common shelter material. However, while this method and material reduces the occurrence of the disease, it can also decrease the grape berry quality. Five colours (including red, yellow, blue, purple, and white) of plastic films were covered above Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevine rows before veraison. Rain-shelter cultivation reduced air temperature, wind speed, and total solar radiation and enhanced relative humidity in the fruit sphere of grapevines. For each particular colour plastic film, the irradiance of its corresponding spectrum band in the canopy of vines was higher than with other colour plastic films. Meanwhile, the blue plastic film treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids more than the other colours of plastic films. Blue plastic films are more beneficial for berry quality promotion of wine grapes, especially Cabernet Sauvignon, under rain-shelter cultivation in continental monsoon climate zones.

Os desafios para a formulação, implantação e implementação da Política Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde / Challenges for the formulation, implantation and implementation of a National Health Surveillance Policy in Brazil

Resumo O artigo é um ensaio com o objetivo de resgatar a evolução da vigilância em saúde como ação, modelo e sistema na história e trazer subsídios para o debate acerca da constituição da Política Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde (PNVS). São resgatados elementos conceituais sobre o conceito de vigilância em saúde e sua evolução no Brasil ao longo dos anos, e é definida uma trajetória da construção do modelo de atenção, principalmente após a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Pontua-se a possibilidade de utilização, como eixo norteador, do referencial das políticas públicas baseadas em evidência, e do uso de métodos conhecidos pela análise de situação de saúde, como as análises espaciais e de séries temporais. Ao final, são elencados as questões para a efetiva criação da PNVS e os desafios colocados, principalmente, para o executivo federal na condução deste processo.

Abstract This article examines the evolution of health surveillance policies as actions, models and systems, as well as contributing to the debate about the constitution of the National Health Surveillance Policy (PNVS). The article discusses conceptual elements regarding the notion of health surveillance and its evolution in Brazil and a trajectory is provided in relation to the construction of care models, particularly after the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS). The possibility of using the framework of public policies based on evidence, and methods for analyzing health situations, such as spatial analysis and time series, are highlighted. To conclude, questions are raised regarding the effective creation of the PNVS, and the challenges that the federal executive faces in driving this process.

Intersubjetividade ou Solipsismo? Aporias da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas / Intersubjectivity or Solipsism? Problems with Jürgen Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action / Intersubjectivité ou Solipsisme ? Apories de la Théorie de l'Agir Communicationnel de Jürgen Habermas / ¿Intersubjetividad o solipsismo? Aporías de la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas

RESUMO Este artigo argumenta que a intersubjetividade pretendida pela teoria do agir comunicativo é solapada pelo solipsismo monológico intrínseco às suas próprias premissas. O fio condutor do artigo é a reflexividade da linguagem (seção I). O problema da intersubjetividade surge na passagem da análise da esfera pública no século XVIII ao paradigma procedimental da democracia deliberativa (seção II). Entre essas extremidades institucionais, Habermas incrusta uma teoria anti-institucional da linguagem, apoiada na "situação ideal de fala" (seção III). A fim de assegurar o engajamento na busca pelo entendimento linguístico, os participantes em um discurso têm de agir de acordo com uma regra de sinceridade (seção IV), o que pressupõe um comprometimento moral prévio e, portanto, monológico, com a busca pelo consenso (seção V). Essas dificuldades comprometem o modelo deliberativo da democracia porque convertem o ideal da simetria discursiva no pressuposto empírico para a deliberação democrática (seção VI).

ABSTRACT The following article argues that the intersubjectivity claimed by the theory of communicative action is undermined by the monological solipsism intrinsic to the very premises upon which it is based. In terms of structure, the central thread of the article is the reflexivity of the language (section 1). The problem with the intersubjectivity emerges as the article shifts from analyzing the public sphere in the eighteenth century to the procedural paradigm of deliberative democracy (section II). It is between these institutional extremities that Habermas locates his anti-institutional theory of language, supported on the "ideal speech situation" (section III). In the aim of ensuring engagement in the search for linguistic understanding, the participants in a discussion must act according to a rule of sincerity (section IV), which presumes a prior moral commitment (that is therefore monological) to the search for a consensus (section V). Such issues undermine the deliberative model of democracy because they convert the ideal of discursive symmetry into the empirical founding of democratic deliberation (section VI).

RÉSUMÉ Cet article suggère que l'intersubjectivité revendiquée par la théorie de l'agir communicationnel se heurte au solipsisme monologique intrinsèque à ses propres prémisses. Le fil conducteur de l'article est la réflexivité du langage (section I). Le problème de l'intersubjectivité surgit lors du passage de l'analyse de la sphère publique au XVIIIe siècle au paradigme procédural de la démocratie délibérative (section II). Entre ces extrémités institutionnelles, Habermas incruste une théorie anti-institutionnelle du langage basée sur la "situation idéale de parole" (section III). Afin d'assurer l'engagement dans la quête de la compréhension linguistique, les participants d'un discours doivent agir en fonction d'une règle de sincérité (section IV), ce qui présuppose un engagement moral préalable et donc monologique visant la recherche du consensus (section V). Ces difficultés compromettent le modèle délibératif de la démocratie en ce qu'elles convertissent l'idéal de la symétrie discursive en présupposé empirique pour la délibération démocratique (section VI).

RESUMEN Este artículo argumenta que la intersubjetividad que defiende la teoría de la acción comunicativa se ve solapada por el solipsismo monológico intrínseco a sus propias premisas. El hilo conductor del artículo es la reflexividad del lenguaje (sección I). El problema de la intersubjetividad surge en el paso del análisis de la esfera pública en el siglo XVIII al paradigma procedimental de la democracia deliberativa (sección II). Entre estos extremos institucionales, Habermas incrusta una teoría antinstitucional del lenguaje que se apoya en la "situación ideal del habla" (sección III). A fin de asegurar la implicación en la búsqueda del entendimiento lingüístico, los participantes de un discurso tienen que actuar de acuerdo con una regla de sinceridad (sección IV), lo que presupone un compromiso moral previo y, por tanto, monológico, con la búsqueda del consenso (sección V). Esas dificultades comprometen el modelo deliberativo de la democracia porque convierten el ideal de la simetría discursiva en el presupuesto empírico para la deliberación democrática (sección VI).

Effect of Pirin on the proliferation and self-renew of glioma stem cell / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To study the effect of Pirin(an iron-binding nuclear protein)on the proliferation and self-renewal of glioma stem cell(GSC)so as to provide a potential therapy target for malignant glioma.Methods PLKO.1-shPirin lentiviral plasmids were constructed to stably knock down Pirin in GSC by using lentivirus infection system.The interference efficiency of Pirin short hair?pin RNA(shRNA)was detected by Western blotting. The capacity of GSC was examined by the assessment of cell viability. Tumor sphere formation assay was used to detect the effect of Pirin on GSC self-renewal capacity. Results Pirin was highly expressed in GSC.Consistently,the protein level of Pirin in the conditioned medium from GSC was much higher than that from the corresponding non-stem tumor cell(NSTC).Gene-sequencing analysis demonstrated that PLKO.1-shPirin lentiviral plasmids were successfully con?structed.Pirin shRNA transfection significantly inhibited the expression of Pirin in GSC and suppressed the cell viability and ability of tumorsphere formation.Conclusion Knocking down Pirin significantly inhibites the cell proliferation and self-renewal of GSC.

Micro-sphere culture gathers cancer stem cell and its potential clinical application / 中国肿瘤临床

Cancer stem cell hypothesis has become a new theory. According to this theory, cancer stem cells play a decisive role in car-cinogenesis, progression, and metastasis. This theory offered new ideas and strategies for cancer treatment. However, only a small fraction of cells in a tumor were cancer stem cells. Therefore, the identification and enrichment of these cells are significant challenges for numerous researchers conducting further study. Micro-sphere culture has been an effective tumor stem cell enrichment technolo-gy in recent years. The application of this technique makes the cancer stem cell research process easy. In addition, it makes the evalua-tion of tumor progression and prognosis of patients in clinical possible. This article will focus on the applications of this technology, and microsystem integration will be described in detail.

Isolation and Identification of Human Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells Induced by Short-term Treatment with Carboplatin / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To isolate carboplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer stem-like cells and provide a cellular model for the development and screening of second-line drugs for carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.Methods Primary ovarian cancer cells were isolated and cultured from ovarian cancer tissues and ascites,and ovarian cancer stem-like cell spheres were isolated from serum-free suspension culture directly or after carboplatin induction.The expression of stem cell markers was evaluated by immunofluorescent assay or flow cytometry.Results The ovarian cancer stem-like cell spheres were isolated successfully from both ovarian cancer tissues and ascites and expressed high levels of stem cell markers CD133,ALDH1,ABCG2,and CD24.The abundance of CD24+ cells in the ovarian cancer stem cells was significantly increased upon short-term induction with carboplatin.Condusion Ovarian cancer stem-like cells can be enriched and purified by short-term induction with carboplatin.This cell model can be used in research on chemoresistant ovarian cancer in the future.

Evaluación del desarrollo madurativo en niños de 4-5 años en etapa Preescolar

La evaluación del desarrollo madurativo como elemento de monitoreo y seguimiento oportuno es vital y sus aportes son de gran relevancia para una atención temprana en casos de rezago significativo, déficit o alteraciones a lo largo del desarrollo. Por tanto el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el curso del desarrollo actual de niños en etapa preescolar en edades de 4 y 5 años de una Unidad Educativa pública de la cuidad de La Paz, Bolivia, en cinco esferas: desarrollo psicomotriz, desarrollo del lenguaje, desarrollo cognitivo, desarrollo socio-afectivo y habilidades de autonomía. El estudio desarrollado es de tipo exploratorio cuantitativo, de corte trasversal, con una muestra por conveniencia de 21 niños, a los cuales se les aplicó el Protocolo de Desarrollo Madurativo (PDM). Se encontró índices de desarrollo medios entre el 60% y 70%, y niveles de desarrollo en la esfera socio-afectiva y las habilidades de autonomía circundando porcentajes por debajo de lo esperado para un desenvolvimiento óptimo.

The evaluation of maturational development as an element of timely monitoring and follow-up is vital and its contributions are of great relevance for early attention in cases of significant lag, deficit or alterations throughout the development. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the course of the current development of preschool children ages 4 and 5 years of a public education unit in the city of La Paz, Bolivia, in five areas: psychomotor development, development of the language, cognitive development, socio-affective development and autonomy skills. The study developed is a quantitative exploratory type, cross-sectional, with a convenience sample of 21 children, to which the Madurative Development Protocol (PDM) was applied, finding average development rates between 60% and 70% and levels of development in the socio-affective sphere and autonomy skills surrounding percentages below what was expected for optimal development.

A avaliação do desenvolvimento maturacional como um elemento de monitoramento e acompanhamento oportunos é vital e suas contribuições são de grande relevância para a atenção precoce em casos de atraso significativo, déficit ou alterações ao longo do desenvolvimento. Portanto, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar o curso do desenvolvimento atual de crianças pré-escolares com idades entre 4 e 5 anos de uma unidade de educação pública na cidade de La Paz, Bolívia, em cinco áreas: desenvolvimento psicomotor, desenvolvimento do linguagem, desenvolvimento cognitivo, desenvolvimento socioafetivo e habilidades de autonomia. O estudo desenvolvido é do tipo exploratório quantitativo, de corte transversal, com amostra de conveniência de 21 crianças, ao qual foi aplicado o Protocolo de Desenvolvimento Madurativo (MDP), encontrando taxas médias de desenvolvimento entre 60% e 70%. e níveis de desenvolvimento na esfera sócio-afetiva e habilidades de autonomia que cercam porcentagens abaixo do que era esperado para o desenvolvimento ótimo.

Caracterización de la esfera socio-afectiva de preescolares sin amparo filial / Characterization of the sphere partner affective of kindergartens, without son-and-daughter protection

Introducción: la esfera socio-afectiva, desde las edades tempranas de la vida, incluye experiencias emocionales, socializadoras y motivacionales que permiten al niño relacionarse con los otros, respondiendo a determinadas costumbres, creencias, normas de convivencia y modelos de interacción. Objetivo: caracterizar la esfera socio-afectiva de preescolares sin amparo filial, pertenecientes al círculo interno Lu-Xun, de Arroyo Naranjo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, durante el año 2014. La muestra la integraron 20 niños, con edades entre 3 y 5 años, a los que se les aplicó pruebas proyectivas, que permitieron valorar el estado actual de sus habilidades socio-afectivas. Resultados: el 100 por ciento reflejó, en sus dibujos, estados de ánimos desfavorables, pobreza en sus contenidos y escasa creatividad e imaginación. El 60 por ciento mostró dificultades en el control muscular. El 70 por ciento exhibió dificultades en las relaciones de intercambio, con pobre capacidad de socialización. El 95 por ciento mostró preferencias adecuadas a su edad, con gran inclinación hacia el juego y las flores, gustando de paseos y golosinas. El 50 por ciento mostró niveles de afectividad adecuados hacia determinada figura parental. El 45 por ciento mostró dificultades en las habilidades narrativas, con pobre vocabulario. El 95 por ciento transmitió, en las historias relatadas, conflictos en el área doméstica. Conclusiones: la esfera socio-afectiva se caracterizó, en el orden intrapersonal, por baja autoestima, necesidades insatisfechas, en especial la de abrigo y cuidados maternos, con proyección de miedos e inseguridad. En el orden interpersonal, existieron dificultades en el intercambio social y en la efectividad del aprendizaje(AU)

Introduction: The sphere partner affective, from the youths of life, he includes emotional experiences, socializadoras and motivational that they permit the little boy getting acquainted with others, answering to determined way of life, beliefs, standards of cohabitation and models of interaction. Objective: Characterizing the sphere partner affective of kindergartens, without son-and-daughter protection, pertenecientes to the internal Circle Lu Xun, of Arroyo Naranjo. Methods: The observational accomplished a study itself, descriptive, de transversal cut, during the year 2014. Sample was integrated by 20 children, with ages among 3 and 5 years, to the ones that were applied tests projective, the fact that they permitted appreciating the present-day status of his abilities partner affective. Results: The 100 percent reflected, in his drawings, states of unfavorable tempers, poverty in his contents and scarce creativity and imagination. The 60 % showed difficulties in muscular control. The 70 percent exhibited difficulties in exchange relationships with scant capability, of socialization. The 95 percent showed adapted preferences to his age, with great inclination toward the game and flowers, liking walks and sweets. The 50 percent showed levels of adapted affectivity toward determined to figure parental. The 45 percent showed difficulties in narrative abilities with scant vocabulary. The 95 percent transmitted conflicts in the area domestic, in related stories. Conclusions: The sphere partner affective characterized, in the order intrapersonal, for low self-esteem, unsatisfied needs itself, specially the one belonging to coat and maternal cares, with projection of fears and insecurity. In the interpersonal order, difficulties existed in the social interchange and in the effectiveness of learning(AU)

Determination of Bloodstain Age by UV Visible Integrating Sphere Reflection Spectrum / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a method for rapid identification of bloodstain age.@*METHODS@#Under laboratory conditions （20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃）, an integrating sphere ISR-240A was used as a reflection accessory on an UV-2450 UV-vis spectrophotometer, and a standard white board of BaSO₄ was used as reference, the reflection spectrums of bloodstain from human ears' venous blood were measured at regular intervals. The reflection radios R₅₄₁ and R₅₇₇ at a specific wavelength were collected and the value of R₅₄₁/R₅₇₇ was calculated. The linear fitting and regression analysis were done by SPSS 17.0.@*RESULTS@#The results of regression analysis showed that R² of the ratios of bloodstain age to UV visible reflectivity in specific wavelengths were larger than 0.8 within 8 hours and under certain circumstances. The regression equation was established. The bloodstain age had significant correlation with the value of R₅₄₁/R₅₇₇.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The method of inspection is simple, rapid and nondestructive with a good reliability, and can be used to identify the bloodstain age within 8 hours elapsed-time standards under laboratory conditions.

Determination of Bloodstain Age by UV Visible Integrating Sphere Reflection Spectrum / 法医学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a method for rapid identification of bloodstain age.MethodsUnder laboratory conditions(20 ℃, 25 ℃and 30 ℃), an integrating sphere ISR-240A was used as a reflection accessory on an UV-2450 UV-vis spectrophotometer, and a standard white board of BaSO4 was used as reference, the reflection spectrums of bloodstain from human ears’venous blood were measured at regu-lar intervals. The reflection radiosR541 andR577 at a specific wavelength were collected and the value of R541/R577 was calculated. The linear fitting and regression analysis were done by SPSS 17.0.ResultsThe results of regression analysis showed thatR2 of the ratios of bloodstain age to UV visible reflectivity in specific wavelengths were larger than 0.8 within 8 hours and under certain circumstances. The regression equation was established. The bloodstain age had significant correlation with the value ofR541/R577.Con-clusionThe method of inspection is simple, rapid and nondestructive with a good reliability, and can be used to identify the bloodstain age within 8 hours elapsed-time standards under laboratory conditions.

Variación de la elevación anterior y posterior de la córnea tras el crosslinking corneal / Changes in the anterior and posterior elevation of the cornea after the corneal crosslinking

OBJETIVO: determinar las variaciones de la elevación anterior y posterior de la córnea con el tratamiento de crosslinking corneal en pacientes con queratocono en el Servicio de Córnea del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". MÉTODOs: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, a 30 ojos de 30 pacientes con queratocono a los cuales se les realizó el crosslinking corneal. Se recogieron los datos en el preoperatorio a los 6, 12 y 24 meses. Las variables estudiadas fueron: esfera mejor ajustada anterior, elevación anterior, esfera mejor ajustada posterior y elevación posterior. RESULTADOS: la esfera mejor ajustada anterior en el preoperatorio de 7,34 mm permaneció sin diferencia significativa en el posoperatorio y la elevación anterior mostró una reducción estadísticamente significativa de 20,73 µm en el preoperatorio a 14,90 µm al año y 15,93 µm a los 2 años. La esfera de mejor ajuste posterior de 5,94 mm no sufrió modificaciones en el posoperatorio, ni la elevación posterior media de 31,80 µm. CONCLUSIONES: después del crosslinking corneal la elevación anterior disminuye y la posterior se mantiene igual.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the anterior and posterior corneal surface elevation in the corneal crosslinking surgical treatment applied to patients with keratoconus at the corneal service of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. METHODS: a retrospective and descriptive study of 30 eyes from 30 patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent the corneal collagen crosslinking. Data were collected preoperatively at 6, 12 and 24 months. The studied variables were best fit anterior sphere, anterior elevation, best posterior fit sphere and posterior corneal elevation. RESULTS: the preoperative best fit anterior sphere was 7,34 mm and there was no difference in the postoperative period. The anterior corneal surface elevation showed statistically significant reduction from 20,73 µm in the preoperative period to 14,90 µm in the first year and 15,93 µm in the second year after surgery. There was no changes either in the posterior best fit sphere of 5,94 mm or in the posterior elevation of 31,80 µm. CONCLUSIONS: after the corneal crosslinking, there is a reduction of the anterior elevation and the posterior elevation remains the same.